Carbohydrates
Primary products of photosynthesis, they contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Sources
- Cereals (Rice,wheat,maize,..) and cereal products
- Sugar cane and sugar beats
- Tubers and rooters (potato,tapioca,sweat potato,..)
Functions
- Act as energy source : every gram of carbohydrate contain 4 kilo calories.
- Protein sparing action : if a diet does not contain adequate amount of carbohydrate, the protein will oxidize as source of energy. so that there is brake down of tissue protein at a great extend. this function of carbohydrate serving as source of energy and preventing protein being oxidized is called protein sparing action.
- Essential for oxidation of fat
- Provide energy for heart muscles and central nerve system.
Structure
Structurally carbohydrates are classified into mono saccharides, oligo saccharides, poly saccharides.
mono saccharides
It contain only ketone / aldehyde group.
Further classified into trioes,tetrose,pentose,hexose,.on the basis of number of carbon atom present in it.
Glucose,Fructose,galactose are the examples of monosaccharides.
Oligo saccharides
It contain 2-10 mono saccharide unit.
Further classified into di saccharides,tri saccharides,.
Glucose,fructose,lactose,.. are the examples of oligo saccharides.
Glucose+glucose=maltose
Glucose+fructose=sucrose
Glucose+galactose=lactose
Poly saccharides
it contain more than 10 mono saccharide unit.
Starch, cellulose, glycogen,.. are the examples of poly saccharides.
Starch is mainly found in cereals,potato and fruit.
Cellulose found in plant cell wall.
Glycogen found in animal tissues.
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